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TOEFL : Test of English as Foreign Language
TOEFL stands for 'Test Of English as Foreign Language'. TOEFL
is a Standardized test that evaluates the English Proficiency of people whose
native language is not English. Almost all the universities in the United States
and Canada require TOEFL scores from each applicant. The test is also used by
institutions in other countries where English is the language of Instruction.
The TOEFL tests the ability to understand North American English. A TOEFL score
is valid for 2 years.
The TOEFL is administered worldwide by Educational Testing Service (ETS). The
test was first administered in 1964 and has since been taken by nearly 20 million
students. The TOEFL test is offered in different formats depending on a test
taker's location.
Why TOEFL Test?
TOEFL test is a prerequisite for admission into colleges and universities where
English is a lingua franca i.e., native or official language. Besides admissions,
many licensing, government, and certification agencies and exchange and scholarship
programs use TOEFL scores to evaluate the English proficiency of people for
whom English is not their native language.
Who Should Take the TOEFL Test?
Non-native English speakers at the 11th-grade level or above should take the
TOEFL test to provide evidence of their English proficiency before beginning
academic work. The test content is considered too difficult for students below
11th grade.
Who don't need to take the TOEFL Test?
- Non-native speakers who hold degrees or diplomas from post-secondary institutions
in English-speaking countries (e.g., the United States, Canada, England, Ireland,
Australia, New Zealand)
- Non-native speakers who have successfully completed at least a two-year
course of study in which English was the language of instruction
- Transfer students from institutions in the United States or Canada whose
academic course work was favorably evaluated in relation to its demands and
duration
- Nonnative speakers who have taken the TOEFL test within the past two years
- Nonnative speakers who have successfully pursued academic work at schools
where English was the language of instruction in an English-speaking country
for a specified period, generally two years
Who administers the TOEFL test?
The TOEFL test is developed and administered by the US-based "Educational
Testing Service" (ETS). This implies that ETS sets the questions, conducts
the test, and sends each examinee the score report. For the conduct of the test,
ETS has appointed Testing Agencies in various countries, which act as franchisee
for ETS.
Formats of the TOEFL Internet-based Test (iBT)
TOEFL Internet-based test (iBT), ever since its introduction
in late 2005 has progressively replaced both the (CBT) computer-based and
(PBT) paper-based tests. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United
States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world
in 2006, with test centers increased periodically till-date. The demand for
test seats remains very high even after almost a year after the introduction
of the test; candidates have to wait for months since short-term test dates
are fully booked. The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring
mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require integration
of these skills) and focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education
environment.
The TOEFL Internet-based test emphasizes integrated skills and measures all
four language skills, including speaking. The content on the test is authentic,
and the language is consistent with that used in everyday, real academic settings.
The test assesses proficiency of the candidates in all communication skills.
The test has four sections:
1. Reading: Reading measures the ability to understand academic reading
matter.
2. Listening: Listening measures the ability to understand English
as it is used in colleges and universities.
3. Speaking: Speaking measures the ability to speak English.
4. Writing: Writing measures the ability to write in a way that is
appropriate for college and university course work.
Detailed descriptions and samples are available at the official website.
Computer-based Test (CBT)
The computer-based test was abolished on September 30th 2006.
It is divided into four sections, measuring language proficiency in listening,
structure (grammar), reading and writing.
1. Listening Comprehension (45-70 minutes)
Type of Questions: Conversations between two or more people in academic environments.
Short conversations between students, and lectures may be possible conversations.
Questions are basically of the who said what type.
2. Structure (grammar) (15-20 minutes)
Type of Questions: Identify the erroneous word(s) in the sentence. Fill in
the blanks using the appropriate word.
3. Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary (70-90 minutes)
Type of Question: Questions are posed about content, intent of the author,
and ideas inferred from each of the 3-4 passages given.
4. Essay Writing (30 minutes)
Type of Question: To write an essay on a given general topic, and take a position
towards it.
The Listening and Structure sections are computer-adaptive, meaning that the
difficulty level of each question depends on the correctness of previous responses.
Three sub scores are obtained, each of which is given on a 0-30 scale: Listening,
Structure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These sub scores are averaged to
obtain the final score, which is in a 0-300 scale. The Writing score is also
reported separately, on a 0-6 scale.
Paper-based Test (PBT)
In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based
test (PBT) is given. The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT,
albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is
higher in the PBT) and the score scales. The final PBT score ranges between
310 and 677, and is based on three sub scores: Listening (31-68), Structure
(31-68) and Reading (31-67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section
(referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final
score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale from 0 to 6.
For more details or applying for a test, please browse through:
http://www.ets.org
Read more about IELTS : INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE
TESTING SYSTEM
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